Have you ever thought about how a dog may perceive your actions when you approach him?
The wrong approach can lead to misunderstandings or uncomfortable situations. That's why it's essential to communicate clearly and respectfully when meeting a dog. In this article, I'm going to clarify a method of approach that I briefly presented in the magazine Esprit Sport & Bien-être,and which contrasts sharply with what is often done instinctively or what is sometimes recommended on certain dog training websites, in particular :
Approaching the dog suddenly, holding your hand in front of its nose or stroking its head without taking its reactions into account.
Totally ignoring the dog and letting him take the initiative in the interaction without sending him clear signals.
These two methods lack consistency and fail to create a secure environment for the dog. In contrast, the approach described here is more respectful and based on the principles of canine communication.
But first, the science!
Darwin and antithetic signals: a key to understanding dogs
Charles Darwin observed a fundamental principle of animal communication: antithetic signals. In other words, signals that express opposite emotions or intentions take opposite forms. A good example of this principle can be found in human facial expressions: whether it's joy or anger, the movements of the eyebrows, eyes and mouth are clearly opposed.
It's the same with dogs. Threat signals (such as a frontal approach, a fixed gaze and bodily tension) contrast sharply with those of appeasement (such as an angled approach, averted gaze and fluid movements).
By applying these rules of communication in our interactions with dogs, we send a clear message and establish a reassuring framework for everyone. So, when we approach a dog, our gestures, postures and movements must consistently express our friendly intentions, as opposed to anything that could be perceived as threatening.
Meeting a dog: step-by-step
1. Always ask the owner for permission
Even if the dog seems calm or friendly, its owner is in the best position to tell you whether it is comfortable with strangers. This simple gesture is a mark of respect and can prevent misunderstandings or problematic situations.
2. Communicate your friendly intention
Position yourself sideways relative to the dog, as this posture is naturally more calming than a frontal approach.
Walk forward slowly, standing up straight, to a distance of about 1 metre, making a slight arc if you are moving towards the dog. If the dog is on the move, stand still to allow him to come to you at his own pace.
Avoid looking him straight in the eye, as this signal may be perceived as a provocation or a threat.
3. Send an invite to touch
Hold your hand out about 30-40 cm from the dog's muzzle, palm open, and stop there.
For a successful approach: let the dog take the last step.
4. Wait for the dog to take the last step
If the dog approaches to sniff your hand, wait for him to finish before attempting a pat.
If the dog doesn't approach you, accept his choice and don't try to force the interaction.
Why is this method the most appropriate?
By using consistent communicative gestures when you approach, you clearly convey your desire to establish a positive interaction. In addition, holding out your hand allows you to show your intention to interact while guiding the dog towards a safe point of contact. Finally, by letting the dog take the last step, you give him the opportunity to assess whether the interaction is safe and pleasant for him.
Unlike the two approaches often used - approaching the dog abruptly, holding your hand out in front of its nose or stroking its head without taking its reactions into account, or, on the contrary, ignoring the dog completely and letting it come to you on its own - this method offers clear communication signals and a reassuring framework.
The first approach, which is intrusive and abrupt, can quickly frighten or stress the dog, while the second, which is too passive, conditions the dog to approach anyone without prompting. This is a mistake, as it can cause problems in certain situations, particularly with elderly people, children or people who are afraid of dogs and don't necessarily want a dog to approach without an invitation. It is therefore crucial to teach the dog to recognise the signals that show that an interaction is desired, such as the non-frontal approach and the outstretched hand.
Finally, some people say that there's no point in holding out your hand, as dogs can already smell you from a distance thanks to their exceptional sense of smell. Of course, dogs have an extraordinary sense of smell, but in the context of an interaction, the aim is not to test their olfactory abilities. It's about establishing an exchange. When two dogs meet, they approach each other gently, sniffing each other's flanks and then their hindquarters. By holding out our hand, we reproduce this natural process, enabling the interaction to begin in a way that is comfortable for both him and us.
Interpreting the dog's signals
He's enjoying the moment: he stays close, looks at you, seeks physical contact or comes back to you.
He's uncomfortable: He looks away, avoids your touch, licks his nose or yawns. In this case, stop the interaction and observe what he's doing. If he moves away, leave him alone. If he comes back to you, you can resume the interaction gently.
He feels threatened: If the dog growls, shows his teeth or raises his hair, the situation becomes risky. You should immediately stop the interaction, turn yourself sideways and calmly move away, without making any sudden movements.
How can you avoid an interaction?
Any interaction with a dog must first be approved by its owner. If you see the owner trying to restrain the dog, adopt the right reflex:
Turn sideways relative to the dog, move gently away to help the owner manage the situation.
Walk away without looking the dog in the eye, making big gestures, running or raising your voice.
Remember that some dogs are still in training and that a little more patience is sometimes needed.
To conclude
The non-aggressive, consistent approach I propose is much more than just a method of interaction: it's a way of building a bond of trust with the dog, respecting its needs while providing a safe environment for everyone. The next time you meet a dog, think Darwin, clear communication and mutual respect: simple principles that make all the difference!
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